diff --git a/lindenmayer-system/lindenmeyer-system.html b/lindenmayer-system/lindenmeyer-system.html
index 63d09ed..5f20f57 100644
--- a/lindenmayer-system/lindenmeyer-system.html
+++ b/lindenmayer-system/lindenmeyer-system.html
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ var r = generate('A'.split(''),
 function dragon_curve(variant) {
     project.clear();
     var r = generate(
-        'FX'.split(''),
+        'FX',
         [
-            ['X'.split(''), 'X+YF+'.split('')],
-            ['Y'.split(''), '-FX-Y'.split('')]
+            ['X', 'X+YF+'],
+            ['Y', '-FX-Y']
         ],
         12
     );
@@ -70,17 +70,20 @@ function sierpinski2(num_defects) {
     project.clear();
     if(typeof num_defects == 'undefined') { num_defects = 0 };
     var r = generate(
-        'IA'.split(''), 
+        'IA',
         [
-            ['A'.split(''), 'B-A-B'.split('')],
-            ['B'.split(''), 'A+B+A'.split('')]
+            ['A', 'B-A-B'],
+            ['B', 'A+B+A']
         ],
         8
     );
 
-    for(var i=0; i<num_defects; i++) {
-        r[Math.floor(Math.random()*r.length)] = '*';
-    }
+     if(num_defects > 0) {
+        r = r.split('');
+        for(var i=0; i<num_defects; i++) {
+            r[Math.floor(Math.random()*r.length)] = '*';
+        }
+     }
 
     var actions = {
         'A': draw_forward(),
@@ -104,10 +107,10 @@ function sierpinski2(num_defects) {
 function sierpinski() {
     project.clear();
     var r = generate(
-        'IF-G-G'.split(''),
+        'IF-G-G',
         [
-            ['F'.split(''), 'F-G+F+G-F'.split('')],
-            ['G'.split(''), 'GG'.split('')]
+            ['F', 'F-G+F+G-F'],
+            ['G', 'GG']
         ],
         6
     );
@@ -137,10 +140,10 @@ function sierpinski() {
      project.clear();
      if(typeof num_defects == 'undefined') { num_defects = 0 };
      var r = generate(
-         'iIXF'.split(''),
+         'iIXF',
          [
-             ['X'.split(''), 'F+[[X]-X]-F[-FX]+X'.split('')],
-             ['F'.split(''), 'FF'.split('')]
+             ['X', 'F+[[X]-X]-F[-FX]+X'],
+             ['F', 'FF']
          ],
          6
      );
@@ -190,9 +193,9 @@ function sierpinski() {
      project.clear();
      if(typeof num_defects == 'undefined') { num_defects = 0 };
      var r = generate(
-         'iIjJX'.split(''),
+         'iIjJX',
          [
-             ['X'.split(''), 'F[-lfX][cfX][+rfX]'.split('')],
+             ['X', 'F[-lfX][cfX][+rfX]'],
              //['F'.split(''), 'FF'.split('')],
              //['L'.split(''), 'LL'.split('')],
              //['C'.split(''), 'CC'.split('')],
diff --git a/lindenmayer-system/lindenmeyer-system.js b/lindenmayer-system/lindenmeyer-system.js
index 501bf5a..7092f2b 100644
--- a/lindenmayer-system/lindenmeyer-system.js
+++ b/lindenmayer-system/lindenmeyer-system.js
@@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ function generate(start, rules, iterations) {
                 } else {
                     ruleres = rule[1];
                 }
-                newword.push(...ruleres);
+                newword += ruleres;
                 for(let i=0; i<ruleres.length; i++) {
                     newconsumed.push(true);
                 }
                 pos += rule[0].length;
             } else {
-                newword.push(word[pos]);
+                newword += word[pos];
                 newconsumed.push(false);
                 pos += 1;
             }